Multiple linear regression based model for the indoor temperature of mobile containers.

It is important to work out precise and easy-to-use mathematical models to predict the indoor temperature in buildings for human residence. Such models can support model-based/predictive controls to efficiently maintain the temperature at a comfortable level. Accordingly, as main contribution, the paper proposes a new, easy-to-use, black-box type, multiple linear regression (MLR) based model for the indoor temperature of mobile (office) containers. The model, having low computational demand, could be easily generalized for different types of residence places (in the future). A discretized, physically-based model version of the classical, widely used heat transfer theory (based on energy balance) is recalled for comparison with the MLR-based model. Both models have the same (exogenous) inputs: global solar irradiance, environment temperature and wind speed. Both models are validated based on measured data. The MLR-based model is more precise, its modelling error is 7.1%, which means that it can be used well for general engineering aims. Moreover, the model is detailed in time (it gives an output value per half minute), so it could be properly used for real-time prediction and control purposes. Another contribution of the paper is that the MLR-based model is used to estimate the application potential of solar collectors, installed on the top of the container, for space heating. Based on the results, two solar collectors could extend the time with comfortable indoor temperature by more than 5 h within a three-day period in spring (in Hungary). Finally, conclusions and possible topics for future researches are provided.

[Analysis of medical diagnostic reports (constats) on dental injuries from terminological, dental and forensic medical points of view]. / Fogászati sérülésekrol készült látleletek komplex terminológiai, fogászati és igazságügyi orvosszakértoi elemzése.

Writing a constat is a professional skill required of every general physician and dentist. Constats are issued by healthcare providers on the investigating authority's, court's or injured person's request. This document is an official judicial evidence, a record of medical examination, and it is also a medical opinion which can determine the outcome of the subsequent legal process. Incomplete and incorrect injury descriptions make it difficult for forensic experts to form accurate and appropriate opinions. The authors examined 147 dental and oral surgical constats from the Universities of Pécs and Debrecen using multidisciplinary approach (according to terminological, dental, surgical, forensic and criminal legal aspects). Several medical reports contained mistakes in terms of inaccuracies and self-contradictions, terminology and professional medical practice. The documents included 352 injuries (11.1% of which were tooth injuries, 47.7% bone injuries and 41.2% soft-tissue injuries). The low number of attributes per injury (0.64 on average) indicates insufficient documentation. As a result of the comparative analysis, significant differences were found between the documentation of dental injuries and that of other bone injuries pertaining to their information content. We can state that physicians are most consistent when describing bone injuries, while they are less articulate about tooth injuries. The authors provide an overview of the legal consequences of injuries as well as the legal practice regarding tooth injuries in Germany and Austria, and recommend the creation of a nationwide, unified terminology for both dental and trauma departments on nasal and dental injuries. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(51): 2154-2161.

PCR-based identification of drowning: four case reports.

Proper diagnosis in drowning victims is often difficult due to the lack of signs specific to drowning. The diatom test is a widely used procedure for the diagnosis. Some types of water contain only minimal amounts of diatom cells which may provide false-negative results, while a negative diatom test result does not exclude drowning. In proving drowning, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based biological method in addition to the conventional methods. DNA was extracted from postmortem spleen tissues and water of the drowning site. Samples were tested with algae (diatoms and small green algae)- and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)-specific primers. We present here multiple drowning cases in which diatom tests of the postmortem tissue samples and the water were negative. In each case, the presence of phytoplanktonic DNA strengthened the autopsy diagnosis of drowning even in the absence of visible diatoms. In the future, the PCR method may be of consideration as a possible supplement of the diatom test in the examination of presumed drowning cases.

Novel dating method to distinguish between forensic and archeological human skeletal remains by bone mineralization indexes.

The fast, high-throughput distinction between paleoanthropological remains and recent forensic/clinical bone samples is of vital importance in the field of medicolegal science. In this paper, a novel screening method has been described, using the crystallinity index (C.I.) and carbonate-phosphate index (C/P) as a means to distinguish between archeological and forensic anthropological skeletal findings. According to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, the archeological bone samples are characterized by a range of C.I. between 2.84 and 3.78 and by low C/P values of 0.10-0.33, while the C.I. and C/P ranges of forensic skeletal remains are 2.55-3.18 and 0.38-0.88, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were observed in C/P as well as C.I. values between the groups of forensic and archeological skeletal samples. The suggested dating method needs only a few milligramms of bone tissue; thus, it can be extremely useful for distiguishing ancient and recent bone fragments.

Analysis of pathological and non-pathological human skeletal remains by FT-IR spectroscopy.

In this study, we report the chemical analyses of various non-pathological, tuberculosis and syphilis infected bone samples from different burial environments by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), in the framework of a general study of diagenesis. Dating human skeletal remains is one of the most important and yet unreliable aspects of forensic anthropology. In this paper, a new method has been suggested, using the crystallinity index and carbonate-phosphate index as a means of distinction between recent and archaeological, anthropological bone samples. Pathological bone samples were analyzed with the same method to see if changes in crystallinity interfere with the process of dating.